What Are Project Groups?
Project Groups (Russian: проектные группы) is a small-group classification that divides the 32 types into 4 by the kind of tasks (projects) people undertake and how they pursue them. The name comes from "projection" ── casting one's own qualities onto external objects, understanding the problem, setting goals, and tracing the path of action.
The classification is determined by two axes: Perception (Intuition / Sensing) and Approach (Process / Result). Intuition grasps possibilities and the whole picture; sensing grasps concrete specifics and detail. Process unfolds from detail to whole in sequence; Result grasps the whole first and descends from the overarching frame.
About the SourceGulenko, "Waves of Aging and Renewal" (1996)Open
Project Groups, Implementation Groups, Stress Resistance, and the Inflation Ring were first described in V. Gulenko's paper "Waves of Aging and Renewal ── Directions of Progress Linked to Jungian Aspects" (1996). The defining axes of Project Groups are Right/Left (Process/Result) × Intuition/Sensing. In Model K, Process/Result is determined by Extroversion × Questioning (= the Q/D axis), so the same classical type has its Process/Result flipped between its Q and D variants, splitting them into different groups. Each group consists of 8 of the 32 types.
The Four Project Groups
| Group | Russian | Defining Axes | In a Phrase | Members |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ideational Processes | Идеационные процессы | Intuition × Process | Integrating observation into theory | 8 |
| Concrete Processes | Конкретные процессы | Sensing × Process | Precision in detail, for people's sake | 8 |
| General Results | Общие результаты | Intuition × Result | Grasping the frame, cultivating it | 8 |
| Concrete Results | Конкретные результаты | Sensing × Result | Bringing the plan into form, now | 8 |
The Two Defining Axes
| Axis | Meaning |
|---|---|
| Intuition / Sensing | Whether one perceives the possibilities and whole picture behind the object (Intuition), or the concrete specifics and tangible reality (Sensing) |
| Process / Result | Whether one unfolds matters divergently in sequence from detail to whole (Process), or narrows down convergently, grasping the whole first and descending from the overarching frame (Result) |
Model K Sub-classification ── Static / Dynamic
Each Project Group is further divided into two by the nature of the perceptive function (static / dynamic). Dynamic perceptive elements (Ni, Si) grasp the object continuously and temporally, while static perceptive elements (Ne, Se) grasp the object discretely and spatially. This division applies to all 4 groups, subdividing Project Groups overall into 8 sub-groups. Each group page explains the dynamic and static poles of that group.
※ Sub-classification indicates tendencies at the group level. In classical theory, this division splits each group into 2-type pairs, but in Model K, including Q/D variants, each pole contains 4 types.
Internal Structure ── Average Comfort 42.9
The 8 types of each Project Group are not a tightly-bound group sharing values like a Quadra. The group contains Compass, Belonging, and Kindred relations alongside tense relations such as Pseudo-Identity and Co-dependence, with an average COMFORT of 42.9 ── moderate. It is a practical gathering of people in different positions bound by heading toward "the same kind of project."