Read what to choose and what to let go of the decisions of history. We are dealing here with the structure of the decision, not the type of decision-maker himself.
Translation of Kaitai Shinsho
Genpaku Sugita and others | 1771 to 1774
What was chosen
He attended the autopsy at the execution site and confirmed that the illustrations in the Dutch book matched the real thing. Without a dictionary or a teacher, I proceeded with the translation by guessing the words. It was published in three years, and released to the world with the assumption that errors would be corrected in later editions.
The mechanism behind the choice
Try the clue from one end with +Ne, and leave only the thread that goes through with -Ti. The attitude of opting for practical observations rather than authoritative medical books is the way Quadra operates, aiming to seek the truth.
The cost of the decision
Since it was published with many mistranslations, a successor had to take on the task of correcting it.
Read what to choose and what to let go of the decisions of history. We are dealing here with the structure of the decision, not the type of decision-maker himself.
Bloodless surrender of Edo
Meeting between Kaishu Katsu and Takamori Saigo | 1868
What was chosen
Just before the all-out attack, the two sides met and agreed on conditions for surrendering the castle without exposing the town to war. The decision was made in favor of the side that would protect the lives of 1,000,000 residents by suppressing the side that advocated a complete resistance. Avoidance of damage was prioritized over formal surrender.
The mechanism behind the choice
+Si protects the continuation of life, and -Fe stops hostile exchanges. This is a type of judgment where winning without being defeated is considered an achievement.
The cost of the decision
Dissatisfaction among the forces that advocated resistance remained, and fighting continued elsewhere.
Read what to choose and what to let go of the decisions of history. We are dealing here with the structure of the decision, not the type of decision-maker himself.
New Deal Public Works and Fireside Chats
Franklin Roosevelt | 1933
What was chosen
He made radio broadcasts explaining bank closures and reopenings, verbally quelling deposit runs. At the same time, large-scale public works projects created jobs and returned to a sense of normalcy. Restoration of people's hearts and livelihoods came first rather than the consistency of theory.
The mechanism behind the choice
-Fe calms anxiety and +Si increases pleasure in life. This type of resource management deals with the emotions of the place and daily life in the same way.
The cost of the decision
Fiscal and institutional alignment took a backseat, and some policies were later determined to be unconstitutional.
Read what to choose and what to let go of the decisions of history. We are dealing here with the structure of the decision, not the type of decision-maker himself.
Establishment of the metric system
France | 1790s
What was chosen
Abandoning the weights and measures that differed by region, units were defined based on the length of the earth's meridian. The selection was not based on the king's body or customs, but on the natural level that anyone could reproduce. The entire system was reorganized using the decimal system.
The mechanism behind the choice
−Ti maximizes the consistency of the definition, and +Ne opens up the range of applications. The attitude of putting principles before customs is directly reflected in the system design.
The cost of the decision
It took several decades for it to spread, and there was long resistance from people who had been deprived of the units they were accustomed to.
Read what to choose and what to let go of the decisions of history. We are dealing here with the structure of the decision, not the type of decision-maker himself.
Thorough resistance in 1940
Winston Churchill | May 1940
What was chosen
With the front lines on the continent collapsing and there being voices within the Cabinet calling for a search for peace, they chose to cut off negotiations. In his speeches and broadcasts, he told the people of the meaning of sacrifice and gathered public opinion around the idea of continuing to fight. The military outlook was very poor at the time.
The mechanism behind the choice
Create heat for the entire country with +Fe, and focus on one destination with -Ni. This is the clearest decision of Quadra, whose strength lies in uniting people under his flag.
The cost of the decision
The damage to the city and the depletion of national power were so great that the empire could not maintain its status after the war.
Read what to choose and what to let go of the decisions of history. We are dealing here with the structure of the decision, not the type of decision-maker himself.
Institutionalization of the General Staff and railway mobilization
Prussia | 1860s
What was chosen
Instead of relying on the talents of generals to command, an organization was established to create written plans for mobilization and transportation during peacetime. The movement of troops was recorded on the railway timetable, so that they would automatically deploy at the outbreak of war. Commanders' discretion was limited to the scope of the plan.
The mechanism behind the choice
+Ti builds up procedures and standards, and -Se forces the use of force to follow a plan. This is a type of institutionalization in which the maintenance of order directly becomes a military force.
The cost of the decision
The more complete the plan, the more difficult it was to cancel it, narrowing diplomatic options in later eras.
Read what to choose and what to let go of the decisions of history. We are dealing here with the structure of the decision, not the type of decision-maker himself.
Rubicon crossing
Julius Caesar | 49 BC
What was chosen
Disobeying the Senate's orders to disband and return home, he led his army across the province's borders. It was treason in the eyes of the law, and any way back disappeared at that point. They used their speed to steal away their opponent's preparations and conquered their home country in a short period of time.
The mechanism behind the choice
Use −Se to gather your strength and step forward, and use +Ti to establish legitimacy after the fact. The goal is to win, and the procedures follow the results.
The cost of the decision
The civil war lasted several years, with the victors themselves falling on the side of the Senate.
Read what to choose and what to let go of the decisions of history. We are dealing here with the structure of the decision, not the type of decision-maker himself.
Construction of Taj Mahal
Shah Jahan | Construction started in 1632
What was chosen
He ordered the construction of a marble tomb for his deceased wife, spending a large portion of the national treasury. It had no practical purpose and took twenty years to complete. The viewer's emotions were incorporated into the design, from the symmetrical placement to the reflections on the water surface.
The mechanism behind the choice
With -Ni, we look at what has been lost and what time remains, and with +Fe, we give form to it and convey it to others. It is the choice of a type that will remain in the world through beauty rather than power.
The cost of the decision
The financial burden was said to be a factor in the empire's later decline, and its creator was imprisoned in his later years.
Read what to choose and what to let go of the decisions of history. We are dealing here with the structure of the decision, not the type of decision-maker himself.
Fleet request for port opening
Matthew Perry | 1853
What was chosen
He proceeded to Edo Bay with four warships, keeping their guns in sight and demanding that the letters of government be accepted. The objective was to make the pressure visible rather than the content of the negotiations. He told them he would come back in a year, and left the deadline on the other side.
The mechanism behind the choice
Control the field with +Se, and choose who to talk to with -Fi. It is a market-style quadra negotiation in which the display of power is designed to obtain practical benefits.
The cost of the decision
Although the short-term objective was achieved, it left a strong distrust on the Japanese side and distorted the assumptions for future relations.
Read what to choose and what to let go of the decisions of history. We are dealing here with the structure of the decision, not the type of decision-maker himself.
abandonment of moscow
Mikhail Kutuzov | 1812
What was chosen
Judging that there was little chance of winning in a decisive battle, he chose to surrender the capital and maintain his army. Avoiding pursuit, they waited for the invading army, which had extended supplies, to self-destruct due to winter and starvation. He stuck to his decision not to fight despite domestic criticism.
The mechanism behind the choice
Bet on the time side with +Ni, and cut out unnecessary engagements with -Te. The way to win in this style is to wait for the opponent to concede without trying to win.
The cost of the decision
The capital was burned, and the damage to the population and the general's own reputation did not recover until the battle was over.
Read what to choose and what to let go of the decisions of history. We are dealing here with the structure of the decision, not the type of decision-maker himself.
louisiana purchase
Thomas Jefferson | 1803
What was chosen
The envoys who went to negotiate the right to use the port returned with a proposal to sell the entire territory. The agreement was advanced without parliamentary approval, with its constitutional authority unclear. The land area of the country almost doubled in one fell swoop.
The mechanism behind the choice
−Te processes procedures and costs in the shortest possible time, and +Ni bets on future value. This is a typical decision of this type, where companies first control areas where there is no competition.
The cost of the decision
It set a precedent that exceeded its authority and sent the issue of indigenous peoples and slavery on acquired land into the future.
Read what to choose and what to let go of the decisions of history. We are dealing here with the structure of the decision, not the type of decision-maker himself.
Opening of the International Military Tribunal
Allied Powers | 1945
What was chosen
He rejected the idea of summarily punishing the leaders, instead choosing to prove the charges in court. Despite being criticized for judging based on standards created after the fact, records and evidence were put on public display. The judgment was handed down as a personal responsibility.
The mechanism behind the choice
- Clarify what you can tolerate with -Fi, and execute it with force with +Se. There is a weight to being able to make your own decisions without leaving it up to the system.
The cost of the decision
The structure in which the victors judge remains, and the imbalance with the acts that were not judged continues to be criticized.
Read what to choose and what to let go of the decisions of history. We are dealing here with the structure of the decision, not the type of decision-maker himself.
Logistics planning for landing operations
Allied Powers | 1944
What was chosen
They built supply lines by sinking artificial wharves on coasts where there were no ports and laying fuel pipes on the ocean floor. The plan was based not on the success or failure of landing, but on how many days supplies could be sent after landing. The schedule was rescheduled to suit the weather window.
The mechanism behind the choice
Expand the setup with +Te and adjust consumption and supply conditions with -Si. This is a type of work that produces results not by making leaps but by accumulating operations.
The cost of the decision
Preparations took two years, during which time the burden on other fronts increased.
Read what to choose and what to let go of the decisions of history. We are dealing here with the structure of the decision, not the type of decision-maker himself.
Visa issuance at the consulate
Chiune Sugihara | 1940
What was chosen
Contrary to the directives of their home countries, they continued to issue transit visas to applicants for whom the destination could not be confirmed. They handwritten signatures until the closure deadline and even handed them out through the train window. Thousands of families left the country.
The mechanism behind the choice
With +Fi, you prioritize your responsibility to the person in front of you, and with -Ne, you narrow down your judgment to that. This is a type of choice that places the relationship itself as an end in itself.
The cost of the decision
He lost his job at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and spent a long time after the war without being appreciated.
Read what to choose and what to let go of the decisions of history. We are dealing here with the structure of the decision, not the type of decision-maker himself.
march of salt
Mahatma Gandhi｜1930
What was chosen
Instead of arguing for independence head-on, they chose the small illegal act of making salt on the beach. Because it was an act that anyone could imitate, the march spread spontaneously across the country. Images of those involved in the crackdown appeared in newspapers around the world.
The mechanism behind the choice
Select the move you want to make with -Ne and spread it by placing it on the edge of empathy with +Fi. This is a type of exercise design that moves people from unexpected angles.
The cost of the decision
Tens of thousands were imprisoned, and the immediate negotiations failed to obtain independence itself.
Read what to choose and what to let go of the decisions of history. We are dealing here with the structure of the decision, not the type of decision-maker himself.
Institutionalization of Shikinen Sengu
Ise Jingu | From the end of the 7th century
What was chosen
A system was established to rebuild the shrine every 20 years and move it to an adjacent site. The purpose is not to preserve the building, but to pass on the craftsmanship that was created to the next generation. Even the procurement of materials and the cultivation of trees are incorporated into the cycle.
The mechanism behind the choice
Refine the quality of your handiwork with −Si, and transform it into a system that sustains it with +Te. This is the institutionalization of a model where people continue to create things that are just right with their own hands.
The cost of the decision
Huge amounts of materials and costs are required each cycle, and securing wood remains an issue.
Read what to choose and what to let go of the decisions of history. We are dealing here with the structure of the decision, not the type of decision-maker himself.
Isolation due to diplomacy before unification
Otto von Bismarck | 1860s
What was chosen
Their job was to isolate their opponents before fighting, and they made individual agreements with neighboring countries to eliminate any potential for intervention. All three wars were designed to be short-lived. After achieving their goals, they stopped expanding and turned to maintaining the system.
The mechanism behind the choice
Use +Te to gather means and allies, and use -Ni to narrow down your goal to one. This is the most complete operation of Quadra, which determines victory or defeat in places that are not visible to the public.
The cost of the decision
The balance that had been created could not be maintained after the person himself left, and the web of alliances eventually worked in the opposite direction.
Read what to choose and what to let go of the decisions of history. We are dealing here with the structure of the decision, not the type of decision-maker himself.
Design of the Vienna system
Clemens von Metternich | 1815
What was chosen
The pre-revolutionary dynasties and borders were restored to the extent possible, and a framework was created for all countries to work together to suppress the movement of change. It held regular meetings and treated liberalism and national movements as threats to the system. There has been no war between major powers for over 30 years.
The mechanism behind the choice
+Fi solidifies the righteousness to the order that must be protected, and -Se uses force to suppress change. In Quadra, where hierarchy and loyalty are the currency, it is a decision to stand on the side of protection.
The cost of the decision
The suppressed pressures accumulated, and the system itself collapsed in 1848 with revolutions in various places.
Read what to choose and what to let go of the decisions of history. We are dealing here with the structure of the decision, not the type of decision-maker himself.
Securing a seat at the negotiating table as a defeated country
Charles de Talleyrand | 1814-1815
What was chosen
After the fall of the Empire, he attended the conference as a representative of the defeated and intervened in conflicts of interest between the victorious countries. He made allies through individual meetings and personal connections, and used the principle of orthodoxy to his country's advantage. Avoided major losses of territory.
The mechanism behind the choice
Select a place to apply pressure with −Se, and expand your network of connections with +Fi. This is the most skillful example of Quadra, where closeness behind the scenes decides the game.
The cost of the decision
His history of changing masters one after another has made him the subject of distrust even during his lifetime, and opinions are still divided.
Read what to choose and what to let go of the decisions of history. We are dealing here with the structure of the decision, not the type of decision-maker himself.
Foretelling the failure of the peace treaty
John Maynard Keynes | 1919
What was chosen
Opposed to the reparations design, he resigned from the delegation and published a book that numerically examined the contents of the treaty. He argued that demands that exceed the ability to pay would destroy the economy and lead to political instability. I didn't create anything, only the points I made remained.
The mechanism behind the choice
First read what will collapse with -Ni, then line up the evidence with +Te and confront it. Quadra's way of working is based on the premise that if left untreated, things will get worse.
The cost of the decision
The point was correct, but the treaty remained unchanged, and it took more than ten years for it to have any influence.
Read what to choose and what to let go of the decisions of history. We are dealing here with the structure of the decision, not the type of decision-maker himself.
Relief proposals that do not differentiate between friend and foe
Henri Dunant | 1863
What was chosen
After seeing injured people left unattended on the battlefield, he wrote a proposal to create a neutral organization that would provide relief regardless of nationality. They brought it to each country, held conferences, and drew up treaties on the treatment of wounded and sick soldiers. An agreement was reached to exempt medical personnel and facilities from attacks.
The mechanism behind the choice
+Ne opens up the possibilities of the system, and -Fi allows us to face each individual's life one by one. The decision was made to create a system in which everyone's lives are treated equally in Quadra, where everyone's lives are placed side by side.
The cost of the decision
The proponent himself failed in business, went bankrupt, and was long forgotten.
Read what to choose and what to let go of the decisions of history. We are dealing here with the structure of the decision, not the type of decision-maker himself.
Reconstruction of Aramura using the Hotoku method
Sontoku Ninomiya | First half of the 19th century
What was chosen
He entered a dilapidated village and spent several years measuring the actual conditions of the land and people. They lowered their annual tax targets, put the surplus into a common fund, and fixed things like water and agricultural tools. Rather than making any flashy reforms, they rearranged the way they live their lives.
The mechanism behind the choice
Expand the foundation of your life with +Si, and streamline procedures and expenses with -Te. This is a type of work where you set your own standards in a place far from the center.
The cost of the decision
It took several years for each village, and expansion to other areas was limited to the individual's physical strength.
Read what to choose and what to let go of the decisions of history. We are dealing here with the structure of the decision, not the type of decision-maker himself.
Rural cooperatives
Denmark | Late 19th century
What was chosen
After losing territory and grain markets in the war, rather than turning into large farms, small farmers moved to joint shipping and processing. They jointly owned dairy farming equipment and decided on quality standards together. At the same time, adult education schools were established in various locations.
The mechanism behind the choice
Make arrangements that suit your needs with −Te, and support local life with +Si. This is a plan to rebuild Quadra, which is based on the premise of a horizontal and decentralized society.
The cost of the decision
Because they abandoned the benefits of scale, they were at a price disadvantage in later large-scale international competition.
Read what to choose and what to let go of the decisions of history. We are dealing here with the structure of the decision, not the type of decision-maker himself.
Drafting the Universal Declaration of Human Rights
Drafting Committee of the United Nations | 1948
What was chosen
Committee members from different religions and systems put aside any agreement on the basis and only reached an agreement on the text. Regardless of why human rights exist, I chose to enumerate what should not be violated. It was adopted as a non-binding declaration.
The mechanism behind the choice
-Fi defines one point to be protected, and +Ne invents the words of the system from there. This judgment is based on Quadra's assertion that every life has value.
The cost of the decision
Since it has no enforcement powers, it departs without direct recourse against violations.
Read what to choose and what to let go of the decisions of history. We are dealing here with the structure of the decision, not the type of decision-maker himself.
Restoration of the modern Olympics
Pierre de Coubertin | 1894-1896
What was chosen
A proposal was put before the meeting to reorganize the national competitions into a festival held every four years. He persuaded committee members from each country to advocate the idea of placing more meaning on participation and exchange than on victory or defeat. The first one was held in Athens.
The mechanism behind the choice
Create a sense of unity with +Fe, and organize the event with -Si. This decision was made because he played a role in connecting people at Quadra, which values dedication to the group over personal gain.
The cost of the decision
The ideals they advocated were no longer compatible with the interstate demonstrations and commercialization of the later era.
Read what to choose and what to let go of the decisions of history. We are dealing here with the structure of the decision, not the type of decision-maker himself.
design of the united states constitution
Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia | 1787
What was chosen
Beyond the mandate to amend the existing Articles of Confederation, he rewrote the system of governance from the ground up. Rather than assuming people's goodwill, the provisions set out an arrangement in which powers suppressed each other. Even the ratification procedure was designed into the document.
The mechanism behind the choice
Use +Ti to increase system consistency, and -Ne to reduce options. It's a quadra that orders shared ideals, and it's a type of work that wins from structure.
The cost of the decision
Slavery was left in the text as a compromise, and the contradiction was resolved in a civil war seventy years later.
Read what to choose and what to let go of the decisions of history. We are dealing here with the structure of the decision, not the type of decision-maker himself.
blank periodic table
Dmitri Mendeleev | 1869
What was chosen
He arranged the known elements according to their periodic properties and left space for undiscovered elements where they did not fit. In some places, the existing measurements were determined to be incorrect and the order was changed. The predicted elements were discovered one after another several years later.
The mechanism behind the choice
-Ne narrows down the concept to one idea, and +Ti expands it as a theory. Quadra talks about his ideals in a systematic way, and he makes decisions that put the framework before his own share.
The cost of the decision
The reason for this arrangement could not be explained at the time, and the basis for it was provided by the elucidation of atomic structure half a century later.
Read what to choose and what to let go of the decisions of history. We are dealing here with the structure of the decision, not the type of decision-maker himself.
write a tea book in english
Tenshin Okakura | 1906
What was chosen
He wrote a book in English that explains Japan's aesthetic sense from the perspective of the tea room and the etiquette of the bowl, rather than an excuse or refutation. He avoided talking about politics and national power, and sought understanding from an emotional standpoint. The audience was the general public in Europe and America.
The mechanism behind the choice
Refine the quality of your senses with −Si, and convey it to others with +Fe. At Quadra, which is responsible for a shared aesthetic sense, it is a job that translates sensations into words.
The cost of the decision
While gaining understanding, it also promoted a simplified image of Japanese beauty as quiet and harmonious.
Read what to choose and what to let go of the decisions of history. We are dealing here with the structure of the decision, not the type of decision-maker himself.
Abandonment of feudal domains and establishment of prefectures
Meiji Government | 1871
What was chosen
Instead of waiting for the return of the domain, he declared the abolition of all domains in one day, backed by military strength. The relationship between fiefs and vassals that had existed for hundreds of years was replaced with administrative divisions. The former feudal lords were given public bonds and social status to nip any resistance in the bud.
The mechanism behind the choice
+Se expands the force and speed, and -Ti replaces it with minimal logic. This was a decision that led to a breakthrough at Quadra, which values the dismantling of old frameworks.
The cost of the decision
The dissatisfaction of the samurai class who lost their jobs erupted into rebellions in various places, which were suppressed by force for several years.
Read what to choose and what to let go of the decisions of history. We are dealing here with the structure of the decision, not the type of decision-maker himself.
Long telegrams and containment ideas
George Kennan | 1946
What was chosen
From Moscow he sent a long report back home, deciphering the actions of the other regime from its internal logic. I first envisioned a situation in which Japan would wait for change through long-term pressure, rather than war or appeasement. It was adopted as a policy framework.
The mechanism behind the choice
Use +Ni to broadly read the direction of the times, and use -Fe to narrow down the way you speak. In Quadra, where time moves quickly, it was a decision to prioritize something that does not yet have a tangible form.
The cost of the decision
The concept was used as a military counterattack, and he later repeatedly stated that this was not his intention.
Read what to choose and what to let go of the decisions of history. We are dealing here with the structure of the decision, not the type of decision-maker himself.
Deciding on an armed uprising
Bolshevik leadership | October 1917
What was chosen
He rejected the idea of waiting for a majority in the parliament, and instead chose to take up the initiative by seizing important points in the capital first. Although there was premature opposition within the party, the decision was made by a minority and was implemented. The government changed hands within days.
The mechanism behind the choice
-Fe condenses passion into a single point, and +Ni places a statue of a new order. This is Quadra's most thoroughgoing decision, which values overthrowing the existing hierarchy.
The cost of the decision
Civil war and famine ensued, and the established regime was forced to eliminate opponents as a system.
Read what to choose and what to let go of the decisions of history. We are dealing here with the structure of the decision, not the type of decision-maker himself.
Public announcement of the Twelve Tables Act
Rome | around 450 BC
What was chosen
The laws, which had been left to the memories and customs of the nobility, were carved into articles on boards and hung in the square. The standards for application are now visible to everyone, making it difficult to make arbitrary decisions. The content reflected the social status differences of the time.
The mechanism behind the choice
-Ti makes the standards clear and +Se makes them effective in public places. This is a judgment that puts us in a position to keep watch over the standards in an era when the order is changing.
The cost of the decision
Codified inequalities were entrenched in ways that required long political struggles to change.
