ロバート・マクナマラ
LSE-Q "Administrator" Executive & Statesman · USA · 20cAmerican executive and statesman (1916–2009). As Ford CEO and then Secretary of Defense under Kennedy and Johnson, he directed the escalation of the Vietnam War. Wrote "In Retrospect" in his later years, candidly acknowledging his errors — sparking major controversy.
Leading Function+Te-p (Practicality & Economy)
"Statistical grasp like a computer" — Ford's first non-family president at 44, transferred to Kennedy's Secretary of Defense 51 days later. The man of numbers: data-based decision-making as the core of +Te-p action.
Creative Function-Si-c (Relief & Resolution)
"On schedule and on budget" as a lifetime principle — the -Si-c creative function of step-by-step resolution of physical constraints and organisational burdens. At Ford he relieved production-line inefficiency burden through systematic process resolution; at the Pentagon he resolved budgetary disorder through PPBS. The creative drive was always to ease the concrete burden in front of him rather than to create new systems from scratch.
Vulnerable Function 1+Ni-p weak (Prediction & Evolution)
"Body count" — he could not predict the long-term change in popular sentiment that statistics could not measure. "Winning the war is possible if the numbers are right" — evidence of +Ni-p weak.
Vulnerable Function 2-Fe-c weak (Harmony & Emotion)
Continuously disliked by military chiefs as "arrogant." Thrusting the Pentagon Papers back with "I don't want to see this!" is a distillation of -Fe-c weak. Emotional coldness in management.
Quadra / Temperament / Club
Quadra: As a Delta Quadra (Tradition) type he placed efficiency, order, and organisational management as supreme values. Both Ford and the Defense Department run with the "practically optimise the existing organisation" approach — the embodiment of Delta values.
Temperament: President of Ford at 44, Secretary of Defense 51 days later — forward mobile energy and direct working approach ("show them the numbers and they'll move") typical of the Linear-Assertive temperament.
Club: The core of McNamara's Pragmatist Club activity: designer of numerical management systems, as captured in his assessment of having "computer-like statistical mastery."
Worldview & Attitude
The world is complex and inherently dangerous (negativism). Critical scrutiny of structural problems and scepticism as the premise of action. "Organisations can be improved through numerical management" — optimistic rationalism. Belief that human organisations could be scientifically managed toward better outcomes.
Attitude toward Change: Analysing the risks of systemic change with precision and prioritising gradual, institutional transformation. Ford management reform and Defense Department transformation executed as realistic plans.