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Otto von Bismarck

Chancellor · German · 19th c.

German Chancellor (1815–1898). Through Realpolitik — symbolised by the "Blood and Iron" speech — he won three wars against Denmark, Austria, and France to unify Germany. Simultaneously introducing the world's first social insurance system while suppressing the socialist movement, he embodied the paradox of conservative revolution. Dismissed by Kaiser Wilhelm II in 1890, he became the symbol of what Germany lost.