Five basic factors, 32 types and 31 traits.
Model K 31 Traits uses five factors—R, E, Q, N and T—to describe differences in how information is handled and processed. Some names are familiar, but their definitions and type assignments belong to Model K.
The two frameworks at a glance.
| Reinin traits | Model K 31 Traits | |
|---|---|---|
| Basic factors | 4 factors | 5 factors |
| Number of types | 16 2⁴ | 32 2⁵ |
| Number of traits | 15 2⁴ − 1 | 31 2⁵ − 1 |
| The role of Q | Asking / Declaring as a derived trait | Opening / retaining an evaluation as an independent factor |
Reinin traits describe 15 binary divisions of 16 types. Model K uses five factors to describe 32 types and the 31 non-empty products of those factors.
On 16 types and 15 dichotomies: A. Augustinavičiūtė & G. Reinin · 2006
Why there are 31 traits
Four factors give 15 non-empty combinations; five give 31. This does not mean that the old 15 traits remain unchanged with 16 simply added. Model K changes the role of Q and specifies the meaning of each trait, so a familiar name does not guarantee the same definition or type assignment.
The basic factors in Model K
Questim / Declatim is not just a way of speaking.
In Model K, Q describes whether an established evaluation is reopened or retained as a basis for further processing. It is not a count of questions, an assertive speaking style or a measure of confidence. Each of the 16 basic types has a Q/D distinction, giving 32 types.
From earlier labels to the current definitions.
This table connects earlier labels on this site with current Model K terms. It is not a synonym table for replacing every classical Reinin description. Each linked trait page gives the current definition.
| Earlier label on this site | Current trait | Focus of the definition |
|---|---|---|
| Positivist / Negativist | Sufficiency／Deficiency | See establishment point / See deficiencies |
| Constructivist / Emotivist | Construction／Emergence | element relationship / whole state |
| Process / Result | Continuity／Segmentation | continuous development / delimited units |
| Carefree / Farsighted | Improvisation／Preparation | Processing when necessary / Pre-processing |
| Yielding / Obstinate | Savoring／Pursuit | Resource-Anchored / Interest-Anchored |
| Democratic / Aristocratic | Individuality／Affiliation | Intrinsic Reference / Positional Reference |
| Judicious / Decisive | Naturalness／Readiness | Continuous Transition / State Switching |
| Merry / Serious | Contextual／Universal | Context-Bound / Context-Independent |
Separate meanings that were previously read together.
What information is taken to be, how it is processed and where action begins are different questions. Rather than loading several meanings into one trait, use the distinction that describes the process in question.
Descriptions that combine rationality with flexibility or consistency
Irrationality／Rationality
Whether processing starts from a state or a judgment.
Flexibility／Consistency
Whether new information changes the framework or is incorporated while retaining a core.
Descriptions that combine extraversion with being prompted from outside
Extraversion／Introversion
Whether the reference point is the object or an internal representation.
Inspiration／Initiation
Whether unfolding begins through external contact or from an internal core.
Descriptions that combine Questim / Declatim with caution about the unknown
Questim／Declatim
Whether an evaluation is reopened or retained.
Suspension／Supposition
Whether unknown information is left unresolved or filled in with possible states.
More examples
Descriptions that combine intuition with spreading or concentrating information
Intuition／Sensing
Whether information is latent or manifest.
Concentration／Unfolding
Whether information is integrated locally or connected into a sequence.
Descriptions that combine logic with explaining causes or identifying objects
Logic／Ethics
Whether judgment is based on structure or on value.
Inquiry／Identification
Whether a process and its causes are explained or an object is identified.
Descriptions that combine Dynamic with adapting flexibly
Static／Dynamic
Whether something is represented as properties and states or as transitions.
Flexibility／Consistency
Whether a framework is updated or a core is retained.
Descriptions that combine noticing a lack with supposing an unknown risk
Sufficiency／Deficiency
Whether the reference point is what is established or what is missing.
Suspension／Supposition
Whether unknown information remains open or is filled in with a possible state.
Descriptions that combine Strategic with preparing in advance
Tactical／Strategic
Whether the path is worked forward from the present or backward from an endpoint.
Improvisation／Preparation
Whether processing happens when needed or in advance.
Function positions and traits are different concepts.
The first through eighth function positions in Model A, and properties such as strength or valuation, are not renamed as individual members of the 31 traits. For example, flexibility in using a creative function and Flexibility / Consistency as a personal trait describe different things.
What the dashboard values mean
The values aggregate the weights of fit to 32 types, obtained from assessment answers, onto the two sides of each trait. The two sides sum to 100. They are neither 31 separately measured scores nor ratings of ability or worth.
The mathematics of classification and psychological meaning are separate questions. Defining 31 product traits does not by itself establish that each psychological trait has been empirically validated.
Explore the 31 traits →