Intuition is a psychological function that distances itself from concrete reality and f
• Tends toward idealism and imaginative thinking
• Focuses on the "big picture" and underlying meanings rather than details
• More interested in ideas and abstract concepts than in concrete reality
• Somewhat cautious and uncomfortable with physical confrontation
• Drawn to theory and the exploration of possibilities rather than hands-on practice
Ethics is a psychological function that focuses on emotional experience, human relation
• Places great importance on human and emotional factors when considering matters
• Tends to frame discussions in terms of "good or bad" value judgments
• Skilled at navigating and mediating interpersonal conflicts
• May struggle with purely logical problem-solving
• Prioritizes persuasion and empathy, preferring dialogue over logical confrontation
• Can be vulnerable to logical manipulation or systematic influence
Declarative types have a conversational style that tends toward monologue, taking the l
Conversational Style
• Conversations tend to be monologue-like, with the speaker taking control of the discussion
• Speech proceeds in a declarative, assertive tone (even questions carry a strong ending)
• Waits patiently for the other person to finish before beginning their own turn
• Maintains a strong stance of "please don't interrupt until I'm done"
Speech Tendencies
• Before speaking, tries to firmly capture the listener's attention
• Only asks questions when genuinely needing specific in
Extraversion focuses on the qualities of objects, people, and events that exist outside
• Mental energy tends to flow outward
• Gains energy through interaction with others
• Loses energy when alone
• Active and action-oriented, sensitive to the external environment
• Strong tendency to take initiative
• Easily builds rapport with new people
• Skilled at self-presentation
• Prefers teamwork and collaborative activities
Irrationality is a perceptual style that focuses on sensory impressions, intuitive flas
• Tends to act spontaneously, observing the situation as it unfolds
• Generally flexible and tolerant
• May frequently change decisions
• Takes on many things at once but may lose interest and abandon them midway
• Movements appear smooth and fluid
• Leadership style tends to be democratic (bottom-up)
• Relatively high stress tolerance
Static types tend to perceive the world as a collection of states, focusing on the prop
• Tends to perceive the world as a set of "states" rather than continuous processes
• Focuses on stability and inherent qualities rather than change
• Remembers events as independent scenes or snapshots rather than as a continuous flow
• Places importance on fixed structures of states and relationships
• Pays attention to simultaneity ("what existed at this moment") rather than cause-and-effect
Characteristic Behaviors and Cognition
• Recalls memories as "still images" or discrete scenes
• Has
Serious types believe in objective, absolute standards of correctness and approach rela
Emotions and Relationships
• Has difficulty reading emotional atmospheres and subtle moods
• Does not separate fun from activity — experiences enjoyment as embedded within the activity itself
• Encounters must go through a step-by-step, formal process (e.g., introductions, greetings)
• Values information like names and titles; does not consider someone an "acquaintance" without a proper introduction
Worldview and Judgment Style
• Believes that correctness is determined by objective, absolute s
Judicious types are naturally in a relaxed state, preferring to prepare and organize be
Basic Characteristics
• Natural state: relaxed
• Organizes and prepares before taking action (preparation → action)
• Progresses step by step with breaks in between, rather than all at once
• Finds it difficult to initiate action without external stimulation
• Places great importance on thinking and organizing; decisions and execution happen automatically, as a natural flow
• Values working conditions and comfort (freedom, ease) over results
• Attention tends to focus on the preparation phase;
Aristocratic types tend to perceive people through the lens of group membership. Initia
• Tends to perceive others through labels and group affiliations such as "from such-and-such background" or "in such-and-such field"
• Places importance on hierarchy and position within groups, and the distinction between "us" and "them"
• Frequently uses expressions like "that person is a typical representative of such-and-such"
• Friendships and trust are influenced by how they evaluate the group a person is perceived to belong to
• Comfortable with both self and others being described in ter
Carefree types make decisions on the fly based on available information and current cir
Characteristics
• Makes flexible, on-the-spot judgments based on current information and circumstances
• Constructs new approaches (algorithms) for each problem as it arises
• Values "adapting in the moment" over "preparing in advance"
• Naturally incorporates the path to a solution in their answers (without explaining every step)
• Operates from the fundamental stance that "predicting everything is impossible"
• Prioritizes "what can be done right here and now" over past knowledge or broad bac
Obstinate types treat their interests and passions as sacred and non-negotiable, while
Core Values
• Interests (goals, passions) are sacred and inviolable
• Resources (possessions, abilities) are flexible tools to be utilized
Behavioral and Psychological Characteristics
• When interested in something, refuses to give up even when resources are lacking: "If I don't have enough, I'll keep working until I do"
• Holds strong attachment and sense of identity toward personal interests, preferences, and principles
• Relatively unbothered when others use their possessions or time, but r
Result types take a bird's-eye view of matters with a focus on outcomes and goals, clea
Key Characteristics
• Views things from a broad perspective, oriented toward results and goals
• Conscious of clear beginnings and endings
• Does not deeply immerse in the process; can handle multiple things simultaneously
• Tends to skim-read or read for key points rather than cover everything
• A "top-down" type who grasps the big picture first, then moves to details
Speech Tendencies and Vocabulary
• Frequently uses words like "result," "goal," "beginning and end," "milestone," and "outlook
Tactician types focus on finding the optimal methods and pathways in the current situat
Thinking and Behavioral Characteristics
• Prioritizes the optimal "means" and "approach" within the current options and situation
• Values "how to proceed" more than "what to aim for"
• Goals change with the situation — finds objectives that fit the available path
• More interested in expanding current options than in pursuing a future ideal
• Tends to feel "emptiness" or "loss of direction" upon reaching a goal
Behavioral Tendencies
• Plans by prioritizing the pathway and feasibility over the
Emotivist types prioritize the emotional atmosphere in conversation, naturally working
Conversation and Relationships
• Prioritizes the emotional atmosphere in conversation, working to adjust the mood and interpersonal dynamics
• May stray from the topic at hand to keep the atmosphere positive and engaging
• In dialogue, first aims to create a sense of psychological safety and comfortable ambiance
Relationship with Emotions
• Has a strong drive to seek new experiences and emotions: "I want to encounter the unknown"
• Rarely re-reads books or re-watches movies (loses interest wit
Negativist types perceive the world in terms of what is missing or lacking, naturally i
Cognitive and Expressive Tendencies
• Perceives things in terms of "what is missing" and "what is lacking"
• Tends to identify problems and deficiencies, driven to resolve them
• Initially keeps some distance with new acquaintances, making cautious assessments
• Uses negative expressions more than positive ones ("it's not...," "I wouldn't...")
• When presenting an issue, leads with the negative perspective: "this is good, but this is missing"
Examples (Negative Framing)
• "This glass is half e
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